In 1995 Netscape introduced a client-side scripting language called JavaScript allowing programmers to add some dynamic elements to the user interface that ran on the client side.
In 1996, Macromedia introduced Flash, a vector animation player that could be added to browsers as a plug-in to embed animations on the web pages.
In 1999, the "web application" concept was introduced in the Java language.
In 2005, the term Ajax was coined, and applications like Gmail started to make their client sides more and more interactive. A web page script is able to contact the server for storing/retrieving data without downloading an entire web page.
In 2011 HTML 5 was created, which provides graphic and multimedia capabilities without the need of client side plugins.
Through Java, JavaScript, DHTML, Flash, Silverlight and other technologies, application-specific methods such as drawing on the screen, playing audio, and access to the keyboard and mouse are all possible.
As you can see, web applications have moved from a static screen to animation and movement to audio, video and the ability for the user to interact.
The future of web applications is explemfied by online word processing, and "office suites", essentially, "cloud computing". Google Apps, Microsoft Office Live, and WebEx WebOffice are examples of the newest generation of web applications.
http://webtrends.about.com/od/webapplications/a/web_application.htm
http://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/web-applications.htm
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