A web server is a computer that has been set up but a hosting company usually housed in data center. The purpose of a webserver is to store websites until someone wants to visit them and then to quickly respond to the visitors browser with the sites content.
A server must be able to respond to multiple (sometime hundreds, thousands and even millions of requests).
Most servers use http (to handle websites), FTP (to handle file transfers), and email server and a database server to handle data storage and transfer.
This is also a great resource in understanding how web servers work: http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm
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